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(5.) Đối Với "མ་མོ"
1. Những Cái Tên Nữ Tính
2. Những Cía Tên Của Vật và Các Tính Chất
(4.) Giới Liên Từ "པ་པོ་བ་བོ་" (Khi Trở Thành Một Phần Của Tên Gọi)
1. Thuộc Một Phần Của Tên Gọi Của Danh Từ
2. Thuộc Một Phần Của Tên Gọi Của Tính Từ và Trạng Từ
  • THE PARTICLES (ཕྲད།):

 པ་ / བ་ / མ་

 པོ་ / བོ་ / མོ་

 

Name of the particle is ‘བདག་སྒྲ། ‘the ‘Owning particle’ 


 

  • FUNCTIONS (འཇུག་པ།):

 

Name of anything after which the particle of ‘བདག་སྒྲ་’ (པ་བ་མ་པོ་བོ་མོ་) is added, the meaning changes to someone or something that owns or controls the thing, which is the main function of the particles. 

 

དཔེར་བརྗོད། Examples:

 

I. Examples on ‘པ་’:

 


 

II. Examples on ‘བ་’:

III. Examples on ‘མ་’:

 


IV. Examples on ‘པོ་’:

 

 

V. Examples on ‘བོ་’:

 


VI. Examples on ‘མོ་’:



 

  • WRITING WAYS: (སྦྱོར་ཚུལ།)

 

བདག་སྒྲ་ (Owning particle) is another independent particle (ཕྲད་རང་དབང་ཅན།) that doesn't need to follow a suffix or ending letter of a word.
But in the root text ལེགས་བཤད་ལྗོན་དབང་ (Well Explained Wish-fulfilling Tree) of Yangchen Drubdor (1809-1887), the particles of བདག་སྒྲ་ are shown with the writing ways such as:

 

I. The particle པ་ and པོ་ follow the suffixes ག་ད་ན་བ་མ་ས་ and ད་ post suffix.

II. The particle བ་ and བོ་ follow the suffixes ང་འ་ར་ལ་ and words without suffix where the particle is standing alone as single, not becoming a pair to a syllable. 

For example, རྒྱ་གར་བ་ here, རྒྱ་གར་ word is already a pair of the syllables རྒྱ་ and གར་ so the particle བ་ to it needs to stand alone.

III. And the particles པ་ and པོ་ are also good to the suffixes ང་འ་ར་ལ་ and words without suffix where the particle stands as a pair to the preceding syllable. 

For example, གར་པ་, this time the particle, when it is written, becomes paired with the preceding syllable གར་.

 

 

I. Examples on ‘པ་པོ་’ following ག་ད་ན་བ་མ་ས་ and ད་ post suffix:

 

གཡག་པ་ yak man,      འབྲོག་པ་ nomad,      གཅོད་པ་ ‘chod’ practitioner,      བདུད་པོ་ demonic person,      བཙན་པོ་ king,      མགྲོན་པོ་ guest,      སྨན་པ་ physician,      ཤན་པ་ butcher,      མགོན་པོ་ lord, protector,      བོན་པོ་ ‘Bhon’ believer,      དཔོན་པོ་ minister, master,      བདག་པོ་ owner,      གཡོག་པོ་ servant,      ཕ་རོལད་པོ་ opponent, the other person,      ཐུབ་པ་ capable one, a name for the ‘Buddha’,      ནུབ་པ་ westerner,      དམ་པ་ holy one, genuine one,      རས་པ་ one who wear cotton clothes only, (མི་ལ་རས་པ་), མེས་པོ་ ancestor,      གྲོགས་པོ་ male friend, etc.

 

 

II. Examples on ‘བ་བོ་’ following ང་འ་ར་ལ་ and without a suffix letter:

 

རྒྱ་གར་བ་ Indian,      ཐ་མལ་བ་ ordinary person,      དངོས་སྨྲ་བ་ proponent of true existence, etc.

 

 

III. Examples on ‘པ་པོ་’ following ང་འ་ར་ལ་ and without a suffix letter:

 

བྱང་པ་ northern people,      གར་པ་ performer,      ཚོང་པ་ businessman,      ཤར་པ་ eastern people,      བལ་པོ་ Nepali, etc.

 

 

IV. Examples of ‘པ་པོ་བ་བོ་’ are almost the same with the time of becoming part of a ‘name’, regarding the suffix-following manner:

1. དོན་གྱི་མིང་གི་ཆ་ཤས་སུ། As part of the noun names:

2. མིང་དང་བྱ་བའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་ཀྱི་མིང་གི་ཆ་ཤས་སུ། As part of the name of adjectives and adverbs:

1. དོན་གྱི་མིང་གི་ཆ་ཤས་སུ།

As part of the noun names:

 

རྟག་པ་ permanence,      དད་པ་ faith,      བདེན་པ་ truth,      གྲུབ་པ་ accomplishment,      རྩམ་པ་ ‘tsampa’ (a Tibetan food),      ཤེས་པ་ mind,      གཉེན་པོ་ antidote,      དངོས་པོ་  entity,    
ལུང་པ་ country,     འཁོར་བ་ samsara,      དགའ་བ་ joy,    དཀའ་བ་ difficulty,      སྣང་བ་ appearance, vision,      གསང་བ་ secret,      བདེ་བ་ comfort, happiness, bliss,     དགེ་བ་ virtue,      མི་དགེ་བ་ non-virtue,      རྩ་བ་ root,      བསམ་པ་ intention,      སྦྱོར་བ་ application,      ལྟ་བ་ view,   སྒོམ་པ་ meditating,      སྤྱོད་པ་ conduct,   ཆར་པ་ rain,    བསྐལ་པ་ aeon,    སྙིང་པོ་ essence,      ཕུང་པོ་ aggregate, etc.

 

 

2. མིང་དང་བྱ་བའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་ཀྱི་མིང་གི་ཆ་ཤས་སུ།

As part of the name of adjectives and adverbs:

 

གསང་བ་ secret,      ནག་པོ་ black,      དཀར་པོ་ white,      གར་པོ་ strong [tea etc.],      འཇམ་པོ་ smooth, soft,      རྩུབ་པོ་ rough, harsh,    ཆེན་པོ་  big,      གསལ་པོ་ clear,      གྲང་པོ་ honest,      གྲུང་པོ་ smart,      དལ་པོ་ slow,      མགྱགས་པོ་ fast, etc.

  

 

 

V. Examples on ‘མ་ and མོ་’ which are suffix-free [yet related to feminine nouns still]

1. Feminine names: 

2. At the name of things and characteristics:

1. Feminine names:

 

གར་མ་ performer (females),      རྣལ་འབྱོར་མ་ yogini,      འཕགས་མ་ Noble lady,      གྲོགས་མོ་ female friend,      བདུད་མོ་ female demon,      ལྷ་མོ་ goddess,      དབང་མོ་ lady lord, powerful lady, etc.

 

2. At the name of things and characteristics:

 

ཉི་མ་ sun,     ཉིན་མོ་ day,      སྐར་མ་ stars,     གསར་མ་ new translation [of Dharma],     རྙིང་མ་ old translations [of Dharma],     དབུ་མ་ middle, center, main,     ཚེར་མ་ thorn,     ཕྱགས་མ་ broom,     སྡེར་མ་ plate,     སོར་མོ་ finger,     སེན་མོ་ finger nail,      ཐལ་མོ་ palm,      གཡབ་མོ་ hand wave [giving signal],      སྒོར་མོ་ currency,      སྟོན་མོ་ feast,      མཚན་མོ་ night,      རི་མོ་ drawing,

བདག་སྒྲ། _ Giới Liên Từ Làm Chủ _ Owning Particle_པ་ (ENG).png
བདག་སྒྲ། _ Giới Liên Từ Làm Chủ _ Owning Particle_བ་ (ENG).png
བདག་སྒྲ། _ Giới Liên Từ Làm Chủ _ Owning Particle_མ་ (ENG).png
བདག་སྒྲ། _ Giới Liên Từ Làm Chủ _ Owning Particle_པོ་ (ENG).png
བདག་སྒྲ། _ Giới Liên Từ Làm Chủ _ Owning Particle_བོ་ (ENG).png
བདག་སྒྲ། _ Giới Liên Từ Làm Chủ _ Owning Particle_མོ་ (ENG).png
I. CHỨC NĂNG
1. Đối Với "པ་"
2. Đối Với "བ་"
3. Đối Với "མ་"
4. Đối Với "པོ་"
5. Đối Với "བོ་"
6. Đối Với "མོ་"
II. CÁCH VIẾT
1. Giới Liên Từ པ་ và པོ་
2. Giới Liên Từ "བ་བོ་"
3. Trường Hợp Khác Của Giới Liên Từ "པ་པོ་"
Năm Món Cúng Dường / The Five Offerings
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